Phil Factor's Phrenetic Phoughts

Simple-Talk columnist
The wilder shores of Transact SQL

Why do we call them 'Bugs'?

Published Friday, June 01, 2007 12:45 PM

I've read a great deal about the origin of the word 'Bug' in computer software. You'd have thought the argument was settled ages ago when everyone agreed that In 1947, the Harvard Faculty at the Computation Laboratory traced an error in the Mark II computer to a moth trapped in a relay, thereby coining the term 'bug'. This bug was carefully removed and taped to the logbook which still exists.

Actually, the incident was recorded only because it was the first time a bug had been caused by a real Bug. It was amusing at the time only because the term was in common usage. In fact, the word had been common in the telephone industry for many years. There is an apocryphal story that the word was coined after the noise on the telephone line, because it sounded like the sound a cockroach makes. Sadly this is all nonsense. The word has been used in engineering since the nineteenth century.

The word 'bug' actually is short for Bugbear. (sometimes found as Bugaboo). It's meaning is much closer to 'Gremlin', where the people who worked on engineering prototypes often grew to suspect that the problems were due to malicious spooks. I sometimes even still hear it said that some software is cursed with malicious spirits. The 'Bug' or 'Bogey' part of the word is traceable back to the fifteenth century in the meaning of 'Hobgoblin', devil or ghost. In East Anglia particularly, the word Bugbear', first recorded in the sixteenth century, is still used in referring to problems with machinery.

A Bugbear is a malicious spirit, and the word has nothing whatsoever to do with insects

In celebration of the finding of the real meaning of the word 'bug' I offer the following verses

I always hope there is no place
for bugbears in my database
and wish that noone ever sees
a bugbear in my foreign keys.

So bugbear go! for I don't need'ya
bugging up my stored procedure
causing table locks, and things
suddenly truncating strings,
endless loops and other terrors
like rogue spids and rounding errors.
Bugbears causing sudden death
in a tested UDF
Routines that have worked for days,
fail in unexpected ways

It's the bugbears at their game
surely I am not to blame.
Is the database offline?
it's the bugbears' fault not mine

I suspect that there is a gap in the market for a new type of utility software, one that drives out the malicious spirits infecting a piece of code. To this end we announce the availability of two  software applications: the first that removes the curse of bugbears from a piece of software, and another that one can use to curse other people's software with bugbears. Any volunteers for helping with Beta Testing in both categories should contact me.

 

 

Comments

 

Anonymous said:

That's quite amusing - thanks for taking the time to find that out.
June 5, 2007 7:12 PM
 

Phil Factor said:

'Bugbear', it would seem is a later version of an earlier word, 'Bugaboo', which was the word for a celtic demon, originally Beugibus, or Bugibus. It is first recorded in a poem by Aliscans in 1140 'et puis d'infer iras o Bugibu, avec ton dieu Moham et Cahu'. It was, obviously, current before then. The word became corrupted to 'Buggyman', 'Bogeyman'. or 'Old Bogey'. This happened in the nineteenth century, and seems to be a fusion of Bugaboo with 'Old Boney', a nursery monster derived from 'Bonaparte', current after the Napoleonic Wars.

The 'Bugbear' became a more specialised demon that infected machinery, and became a common word to describe engineering problems, in the new-fangled mills, traction engines and threshing machines.

You read it here first!

Pedantic Phil
June 6, 2007 3:12 AM
 

Stu Savory said:

And perhaps the Celts got it from the Neanderthal expression used when they stepped in some bear *** "Bugger! Poo!"
.
.
.
*** granis salis
June 7, 2007 12:39 AM
 

Phil Factor said:

Tut tut Stu!
The word you ascribe to the Neanderthals dates back only to the thirteenth century and was first recorded in the sixteenth century, and refers rather obliquely to the Albigensian Heresy. As this is a SQL site I will not go into the details of the myths put about by the Catholic Church at the time of the persecution of the Albigenses or Catharists. They are, in any case, without foundation. The heresy originated in Eastern Europe, supposedly in Bulgaria. The Catharist or `Bulgarian`faith was brutally repressed in the 1220s. It was, essentially a particularly vicious North/South civil war in France. The word, a corruption of `bulgarian` came to describe the mythical practices ascribed to the Catharists by their persecutors.

The word therefore has nothing to do with the Software Bug, as anyone will tell you.

Pedantic Phil
June 7, 2007 4:16 AM
 

Brad24 said:

Phil,

I think that some of the confusion may come from the difference between the British and American usage of the word. 'Bugbear' has stayed current in Britain and Australia for far longer than America, where it got shortened to 'Bug' in the nineteenth century. I quote :

Pall Mall Gazette 1889
'Mr Edison, I was informed, had been up the two previous nights discovering "a bug" in his phonograph - an expression for solving a difficulty, and implying that some imafinary insect has secreted itself inside and is causing all the trouble'
June 7, 2007 4:26 AM
 

Charles Kincaid said:

And here I've been telling people that this started with the late, great Admiral G. M. Hopper.
June 12, 2007 2:06 PM
 

Phil Factor said:

Rear Admiral 'Amazing Grace' Hooper certainly gets credit for recording for posterity the finding of an insect in a computer. The moth had to be extracted from between the contacts of a relay. Grace Hooper, in her lectures, was at pains to point out that the word 'Bug' was in common use in radar electronics during WW2. Curiously, I can't find the word being used at Bletchley Park despite looking through Newman's letters which described 'problems',  'troubles', 'lapses', but not bugs, or bugbears.
June 12, 2007 3:05 PM
 

JRandall said:

Interesting history lesson.  Unfortunately, too many people in software development still view defects as the doings of that "malicious spirit" rather than a coding error.  We'd all be better off if the term "bug" was banished from our vocabularies.
June 12, 2007 5:28 PM
 

Chris said:

Why do Americans always try to take the credit for everything... they got to the moon second, but walked on it first, they re-created the internet and claimed it as a first, next they will be saying they created the combustion engine, the lawnmower, the clothesline... thanks for getting to the bottom of this one. :-)
June 12, 2007 9:26 PM
 

JPL said:

The verse is lovely. The OED begs to differ with the etymology, however, supporting an entomological origin after all, though one that goes no farther than saying it's "U.S.":

   *bug*, /n./^2

   *b.* A defect or fault in a machine, plan, or the like. orig. /U.S./

   *1889* /Pall Mall Gaz./ 11 Mar. 1/1 Mr. Edison, I was informed, had
   been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his
   phonograph{em}an expression for solving a difficulty, and implying
   that some imaginary insect has secreted itself inside and is causing
   all the trouble. *1935* /Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc./ XXXIX. 43 Casting,
   forging and riveting are processes hundreds of years old, and, to
   use an Americanism, ‘have the bugs ironed out of them’. *1956* ‘N.
   SHUTE’ <http://dictionary.oed.com/help/bib/oed2-s2.html#n-shute>
   /Beyond Black Stump/ v. 138 They worked..until the rig had settled
   down and all the bugs had been ironed out. *1958* /Engineering/ 14
   Mar. 336/2 The seven-and-a-half years..was not an excessive time
   to..get the ‘bugs’ out of a new system of that kind.
June 13, 2007 12:37 AM
 

Joe Sherrill said:

I had the honor of picking up Grace Hooper at the New Orleans Airport for an ACM meeting in the late 70's or early 80's. I can not remember the exact date. As I recall, she was in her 80's at the time. She was a sharp lady then and a die hard COBOL fan to the end. I started with FORTRAN in the late 60's and now use VB.net and Java. and have programmed using FORTRAN, COBOL, PL/I, many assembler languages, Powerbuilder, C, C++, ASP and a few other languages that I probably forgot about. It has been an interesting ride and I have created and fixed a large number of bugs along the way.
June 13, 2007 1:23 AM
 

Phil Factor said:

My apologies for the delay of a few hours in this wonderful batch of comments appearing on the blog. I am beset by a curious chap who spams this blog in the hope of interesting us in cures for sexual dysfunction (unheard of amongst database professionals), cheap insurance and inadequately clad ladies, so I've been having to moderate
.
I tried out the first Alpha release of my Bugbear Curse on my new PC. I had overdone the strength, and there was an immediate blue-screen-of-death. The mainboard had to be sent back to the manufacturer. The SATA drive lost its boot sectors. I am now trying it out on spammers who have been infecting this blog.  I shall be keenly measuring the spamming frequency. In case you ask, the bugbear blessing (alpha release) revived the drive which now works flawlessly, but sadly not the mainboard.

June 13, 2007 2:47 AM
 

Rich Tebb said:

To be even more pedantic, the term bugger (from the Old French bougre) was applied to many medieval heresies, not just the Cathars; it probably originated from the Bogomil heresy more than Catharism. The Bogomils were actually located in Bulgaria, unlike the Cathars (although you are correct that Cathar origins can be linked to the same area).

The myths you refer to are quite interesting. We think of propaganda as a recent phenomenon; but it was as prevalent in medieval times as it is today. And propaganda was powerful enough to change the meaning of the word 'bougre' from describing an heretic to mean someone who performs the acts that heretics were accused of by Church and government propaganda.

BTW, I'm not trying to hijack the thread (which is very interesting in itself), but this happened to stray into an area that I studied at university - the course was entitled 'Politics, Heresy and Propaganda in Medieval France' and was far more interesting than it sounds.

Pedantic Rich
June 13, 2007 3:09 AM
 

Phil Factor said:

The founder of the Bogomils, according to slavonic documents, was a certain priest called 'Bugomil', in around 950 AD, during the reign of Peter of Bulgaria. There are two Rivers called 'Bug' in eastern europe, one being a tributary of the Vistula, and the other of the Dneiper, and I wonder if Bugomil's name relates to his region of origin, on Poland's eastern border. However, the software bug is most likely to be derived from the mischievous spirit of 'Bugibu', the celtic deity.
Last week, whilst fixing a fault in my mower, the mechanic found the cause, exclaiming 'Ah, there's the bugbear!'. I felt a glow of pride!

Pedantic Phil
June 13, 2007 5:59 AM
 

Jesse said:

this is great - you ought to consider adding these gems to the wikipedia entry:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bug#Etymology
June 13, 2007 8:39 AM
 

Jim said:

To bug, or not to bug, that is the question,
Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous unit testing,
Or to take arms against a sea of clients and by rushing bug them,
To bug, to break,
And by a break to say we end the headache
And the thousand shocks that code is heir to,
Tis a confrontation devoutly to be wished,
To bug, to break -
To break, perchance to work no more?
Ay there's the respect that makes unit testing of so long life,
For who would bear the whips and scorns of outraged managers...
June 13, 2007 9:11 AM
 

Phil Factor said:

Since I tried out The Curse of Bugbear (CTE version) on the spammers on this site in a fit of frivolity (see above), they suddenly became silent. Only one querulous spam message was since put on my blog. (some hopeful punter with a site full of lonely ladies). I phoned up the editor in great excitement. He asked me to read out the curse. Half way through, the line went dead.... If I can get the blessing working as well as this, then 'Code-Rot' will be a thing of the past.
June 15, 2007 2:31 AM
 

Ricky Lively said:

Actually you can see the log page... it's at: http://www.pantherhouse.com/newshelton/actually-its-incomprehensible-if-you-read-it/

Moth found trapped between points at Relay # 70, Panel F, of the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator while it was being tested at Harvard University, 9 September 1947. The operators affixed the moth to the computer log, with the entry: “First actual case of bug being found“. They put out the word that they had “debugged” the machine, thus introducing the term “debugging a computer program”.
June 17, 2007 6:48 PM
 

John E., just-a-mister-e/mystery said:

"origin of the word 'Bug' in computer software"

Yes, just as you said that's when the word BUG, became popularily used in COMPUTER SOFTWARE. And, that incident in 1947, yes, that's why we call them 'Bugs'.

There seems to be a bug in your interpretation. I'm sure that word was used in the medical industry, too, for the Flu virus. For the Computer Software Industry, it seems to have started in that big roomful of vacuum tubes.
June 18, 2007 8:03 AM
 

Phil Factor said:

We'd actually scrapped the first digital computer, Colossus at Bletchley Park, UK, two years before the moth was found in the relay. (mid 1945). Grace Hopper herself was at pains to point out that the word was current during the development of RDF/RADAR long before the moth was found.

The welsh word 'Bwg'  (pronounced 'bug'), meaning a ghost was recorded in Lhwyd's book Archaeologica Britannica in 1707, quoting Henry Salesbury, c 1590.
June 18, 2007 1:05 PM
 

C G said:

Beugibus, or Bugibus 'Bugaboo'= 'Hobgoblin', devil or ghost
I'm no scholar, but I can't help but think that they were all some euphamism for the biblical reference to Belzebub.

June 19, 2007 9:05 AM
 

Phil Factor said:

It is certainly possible, as the Christian dogma was known to everyone in Mediaeval europe. We just don't know, but the words aren't similar enough to suggest a link.

The english word 'Bug', meaning a malicious spirit, is related to the Welsh bwg, meaning a hobgoblin or ghost but the word is also found in the Russian word 'buka'. The word was certainly around in elizabethan times and was used by Shakespeare (“bugs and goblins” Hamlet v. 2 or
“Warwick was a bug that feared us all.” Henry IV., v. 3.)
and Spenser (“A ghastly bug doth greatly them affear” -book ii. canto 3) (Thank you Brewer)

A welsh origin for the word 'bugbear' is made more likely by the  occurence of the word bár =ire, fury, wrath (Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, 1894)  making a bugbear mean the 'fury of a ghost'.

This is why I'd prefer to hold out for a celtic god, but at this stage we need the help of a celtic scholar (could it be a god of the Vellauni, who seem to have left behind those Bolg.. placenames?)

June 19, 2007 11:42 AM
 

Phil Factor said:

As a postscript. The CTE version of the Curse of Bugbear lasted a full fortnight. No spam messages on this blog for a fortnight. Sadly, the spammers are now back. Perhaps it is time to add a bit to the strength....
August 11, 2007 3:08 AM
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